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Ninja is yet another build system. It takes as input theinterdependencies of files (typically source code and outputexecutables) and orchestrates building them, quickly.
Ninja joins a sea of other build systems. Its distinguishing goal isto be fast. It is born frommywork on the Chromium browser project, which has over 30,000 sourcefiles and whose other build systems (including one built from customnon-recursive Makefiles) would take ten seconds to start buildingafter changing one file. Ninja is under a second.
Where other build systems are high-level languages, Ninja aims to bean assembler.
Build systems get slow when they need to make decisions. When you arein a edit-compile cycle you want it to be as fast as possible — youwant the build system to do the minimum work necessary to figure outwhat needs to be built immediately.
Ninja contains the barest functionality necessary to describearbitrary dependency graphs. Its lack of syntax makes it impossibleto express complex decisions.
Instead, Ninja is intended to be used with a separate programgenerating its input files. The generator program (like the./configure
found in autotools projects) can analyze systemdependencies and make as many decisions as possible up front so thatincremental builds stay fast. Going beyond autotools, even build-timedecisions like 'which compiler flags should I use?' or 'should Ibuild a debug or release-mode binary?' belong in the .ninja
filegenerator.
Here are the design goals of Ninja:
-M
flags for header dependencies).Some explicit non-goals:
To restate, Ninja is faster than other build systems because it ispainfully simple. You must tell Ninja exactly what to do when youcreate your project’s .ninja
files.
Ninja is closest in spirit and functionality to Make, relying onsimple dependencies between file timestamps.
But fundamentally, make has a lot of features: suffix rules,functions, built-in rules that e.g. search for RCS files when buildingsource. Make’s language was designed to be written by humans. Manyprojects find make alone adequate for their build problems.
In contrast, Ninja has almost no features; just those necessary to getbuilds correct while punting most complexity to generation of theninja input files. Ninja by itself is unlikely to be useful for mostprojects.
Here are some of the features Ninja adds to Make. (These sorts offeatures can often be implemented using more complicated Makefiles,but they are not part of make itself.)
CC foo.o
instead of a long command line while building.Ninja is yet another build system. It takes as input theinterdependencies of files (typically source code and outputexecutables) and orchestrates building them, quickly.
Ninja joins a sea of other build systems. Its distinguishing goal isto be fast. It is born frommywork on the Chromium browser project, which has over 30,000 sourcefiles and whose other build systems (including one built from customnon-recursive Makefiles) would take ten seconds to start buildingafter changing one file. Ninja is under a second.
Where other build systems are high-level languages, Ninja aims to bean assembler.
Build systems get slow when they need to make decisions. When you arein a edit-compile cycle you want it to be as fast as possible — youwant the build system to do the minimum work necessary to figure outwhat needs to be built immediately.
Ninja contains the barest functionality necessary to describearbitrary dependency graphs. Its lack of syntax makes it impossibleto express complex decisions.
Instead, Ninja is intended to be used with a separate programgenerating its input files. The generator program (like the./configure
found in autotools projects) can analyze systemdependencies and make as many decisions as possible up front so thatincremental builds stay fast. Going beyond autotools, even build-timedecisions like 'which compiler flags should I use?' or 'should Ibuild a debug or release-mode binary?' belong in the .ninja
filegenerator.
Here are the design goals of Ninja:
-M
flags for header dependencies).Some explicit non-goals:
To restate, Ninja is faster than other build systems because it ispainfully simple. You must tell Ninja exactly what to do when youcreate your project’s .ninja
files.
Ninja is closest in spirit and functionality to Make, relying onsimple dependencies between file timestamps.
But fundamentally, make has a lot of features: suffix rules,functions, built-in rules that e.g. search for RCS files when buildingsource. Make’s language was designed to be written by humans. Manyprojects find make alone adequate for their build problems.
In contrast, Ninja has almost no features; just those necessary to getbuilds correct while punting most complexity to generation of theninja input files. Ninja by itself is unlikely to be useful for mostprojects.
Here are some of the features Ninja adds to Make. (These sorts offeatures can often be implemented using more complicated Makefiles,but they are not part of make itself.)
CC foo.o
instead of a long command line while building.