When working with Leopard on laptops, make sure to consider the realities of older units with less space and/or small solid state drives. Leopard typically clocks in at over 8GB for a typical install. That leaves very little space on an old 20GB hard drive (vintage TiBook, anyone?, although all things are possible to those who believe) or a 16GB (or even 64GB) solid state drive for your personal data and media.
Going portable can mean going small. And Leopard, with its standard packages, is anything but that. So how are you supposed to deal with its masses of data, support files and bloated applications? Fortunately, you are not alone. The question of Leopard size, and Tiger before it, has been well explored with a number of excellent tools that will help you bring your overgrown installation under control.
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Here are five ways you can slim down your Mac OS X install and make the most of the disk space on offer. There's lots of stuff in your install that you don't need, don't want, and will never use. A thoughtfully slimmed-down OS X discards those unneeded elements and leaves you more room for the items you do want.
Tossing your apps
Although Leopard ships with many fabulous applications, there are bound to be some that you simply don't want. If you don't use Chess or Photo Booth or Stickies for example, consider deleting them. That's not to say that you should delete applications you do use occasionally. You'll be kicking yourself hard if you toss System Profiler or Disk Utility and then have to use them at some point. Consider how you use your laptop and the tools you need; this will help guide your choices.
As a rule of thumb, when you have a desktop system at home or the office that you regularly network to in addition to your laptop, you can take more risks when deleting apps. Your backups are right there whenever you need them. Be aware, though, that most Applications involve more than an executable in your Applications folder.
Utilities like AppZapper and AppCleaner clean out an application's associated files and folders, as well as the app itself. Extra items may include Application Support folders, preferences files or panes, caches and more. App cleaners produces leaner Mac OS X installs by thoroughly deleting applications and support files; at the same time consider that a full uninstall may complicate reinstallation should you need to ever use those applications again.
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Localizations allow you to use your applications in many languages; you control your language choice through the System Preferences International settings pane. Your menus, buttons, and dialogs all adjust to the language of choice, be it English or Italian, Japanese or French. Unfortunately, all this language support takes up a lot of space on your disk. There are tools out there that recover that space by removing language support that you won't use.
In addition to languages, another OS element that takes up space on your disk is Power PC support. Inside each of those universal binaries, there's PowerPC code that you will never use on an Intel machine. XSlimmer, Monolingual, and Trimmit allow you to remove both foreign language support and nonnative code at the same time. These tools greatly compress your Application folder, sometimes by as much as a gigabyte.
The cost to this choice is that it locks you in to a language. That may not be a huge deal if you work exclusively in English. Europeans who work with many languages may find themselves better served by skipping language extraction or carefully choosing which languages to delete from their system. Update: Language removal can also mess up Office 2008 updates and, I'm told, Adobe apps.
Weed through printer drivers, screen savers, and more
Large tracts of Mac OS X disk space are devoted to support files that, frankly, you'll never use. As a general purpose operating system, OS X offers many more choices than most people need or want. You can fight the bloat by cleaning out support areas that do not affect you.
For example, you may want to limit your printer drivers (/Library/Printers), Dashboard Widgets (/Library/Widgets), Screen Savers (/Library/Screen Savers), or synthetic voices (/System/Library/Speech/Voices). The Alex voice alone occupies over 600MB of disk space. If you won't need them, onboard dictionaries in /Library/Dictionaries represent another area of slimming opportunity; they weigh in at almost half a gigabyte.
Some smaller targets shouldn't be overlooked. At almost 100MB, /System/Library/Desktop Pictures has a lot of data you can probably live without. The Setup Assistant in /System/Library/CoreServices is about 70MB, and includes that cute Leopard video that plays when you first install the system. In /System/Library/Fonts, you'll find several Asian fonts that occupy almost 75MB of space. You may also want to thin out /System/Library/Compositions, the quartz composition folder, with its 50MB of QuickTime movies.
AdvertisementSome slim-down guides suggest you hunt down readme files and zap them from your drive, but I'm going to argue against that. Readme files are typically quite small and often they contain helpful information that you wish you'd kept around. So for very little benefit, you're losing potentially useful materials.
Don't install X11
If you won't be needing to use X11 on your laptop, try not to install it in the first place. Switch off its checkbox in your initial Leopard install. Should you need it later, it appears on your installation disk under the optional installs folder. You can also weed out many printers during this same customization stage of the install process.
Evaluate your disk
A utility like Grand Perspective displays disk usage in graphical terms. Use it to track down large files that you're not using. Mousing over any block shows you exactly where each file is located. I use Grand Perspective to find many of the screen savers, dictionaries, and fonts that no longer live on my system.
As this screenshot shows, some files are enormous. See that big red blob? That's my laptop's hibernation files. And, like many other nonstandard Mac OS X laptops, mine does not properly sleep.
If your laptop is a nonsleeper, you might consider tossing /var/vm/sleepimage; this file could possibly save a gigabyte of space. You might also end up reinstalling your system when the sleep issues are fixed, so only consider moving forward with this space reclamation if you really know what you're doing. Although a couple of forums suggested removing this file, I have not yet done so on my laptop. I am a coward.
That's the important lesson there. Although the worst situation you'll deal with when slimming Mac OS X is reinstalling the OS, doing so can eat up time that you don't actually have. It's especially annoying when you have to recustomize all your settings and re-install all your personal software.
In the end, move prudently before you make any critical change to your system. I have removed many applications, monolingualed, tossed drivers and screensavers, and made many other adjustments as needed. You may want to Google for peoples' experiences if any particular strategy like the hibernation file one seems overly dubious.
About unexpected restarts
Rarely, your Mac might experience a software or hardware issue that requires it to restart. When it starts up again, you might see a message that your computer was restarted because of a problem.
Unexpected restarts are usually caused by software installed on your Mac, or by devices connected to your Mac. If the issue causes your Mac to restart every time it attempts to start up, your Mac might eventually shut down. Use the steps below to check the software and hardware on your Mac.
Check your software
If the issue is caused by software on your Mac, one of these steps might help:
- Install all available software updates.
- If your Mac suspects that a particular app caused the restart, it might ask whether you would like to move the app to the Trash. Click Move to Trash, then contact the software developer to see if a software update is available.
- Use safe mode to try to isolate the cause of the issue.
- Reinstall macOS. If the issue continues after reinstalling macOS, check your hardware.
Check your hardware
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Learn how to check your connected devices and other hardware.
Check peripheral devices first
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If you don't have any devices attached to your Mac, skip to the next section.
- Shut down your Mac.
- Disconnect all peripheral devices, such as hard drives or printers. If you have a desktop Mac, make sure that only a display, keyboard, and mouse or trackpad are connected.
- Turn on your Mac.
- Use your Mac for the amount of time that it would usually take for an unexpected restart to occur.
- If an unexpected restart occurs, follow the steps to check the internal RAM and third-party hardware.
- If an unexpected restart doesn't occur, turn off the Mac and connect one peripheral device at a time until an unexpected restart occurs.
Check RAM and third-party hardware
A Ways Down Mac Os 11
Certain models of Mac computers have removable memory (RAM). If you recently installed memory or a hard disk (or SSD), make sure that it's compatible and installed correctly. If possible, remove it and test with the original memory or disk.
Learn more
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- If you continue to experience unexpected restarts, contact Apple Support.
- If your Mac is frequently restarting unexpectedly, it's important to determine the exact steps that lead up to the issue. The next time that your Mac restarts unexpectedly, record the date and time it occurs. These questions might help you diagnose the problem:
- Was the computer starting up, shutting down, or performing a particular task when the unexpected restart happened?
- Is the computer restart random, or does it happen every time you do a certain task?
- Does the restart happen when a specific external device is connected to your Mac or to a specific port?
- Learn what to do if your Mac doesn't turn on or start up.
- Learn about the screens you see when your Mac starts up.